Recently, I am very pleased to read the popular science masterpiece "The Leap of Life: The Top Ten Inventions in the Evolution of 4 Billion Years" by Professor Niclain. From the perspective of the latest research progress, I re-understand the issue of the origin of life. It also gives me the opportunity to start from the latest research. Perspective, to re-understand the position of hydrogen in the origin of life. Interested readers are advised to buy this book. Although a little difficult, it is very helpful to understand the evolutionary necessity of hydrogen medicine.

According to his point of view, we can never know exactly how the life of the earth originated, and even if we can produce bacteria and even bugs in the laboratory in the future, it cannot explain that this is the true origin of life in the ancient times of the earth. From an academic perspective, the origin of Earth's life either comes from extraterrestrial life, or even the product of manipulation by extraterrestrial wisdom, or it happens by accident in the most coincident natural environment. But we really cannot know the real answer. Even so, scientists still hope to find a road map close to the origin of life.

Regarding the origin of life, there is a relatively large influence. It was the Miller test in 1953. At that time, Miller filled a large pancake with water and gas mixture to simulate what he thought was the primitive atmosphere of the earth. The gas he chose was based on Jupiter's atmospheric composition, because he assumed that this was the atmospheric composition of the young Earth. These components include ammonia, methane and hydrogen. Then he energized a spark into the gas to simulate lightning, and then waited for a few days, weeks, and months to analyze the ingredients and determine what the bottle of soup he stewed produced. His discovery surpassed imagination, as he created a pot of raw soup containing nearly mysterious organic molecules, especially some amino acids. Amino acids are elements of proteins, and they are also the most symbolic life molecules.

To put it simply, as soon as the original earth's atmosphere is powered on, life molecules are generated, which gives people the feeling that life is produced by the earth's atmosphere is a very natural consequence. This discovery news report turned out to be the cover article of Time magazine. To this day, this concept is still the classic content of biology textbooks.
However, Miller's original soup hypothesis has been basically rejected. Because the analysis of the ancient rocks of the earth found that the original atmosphere of the earth was not methane, ammonia and hydrogen. When the same electrode is applied to the original atmosphere that is more in line with the composition of the earth's atmosphere, the original soup composition is not produced. However, one piece of evidence that is close to the original soup is that some contain dirty water asteroids and meteors, and found many amino acids and other ingredients similar to the original soup. Whether Miller's hypothesis is right or wrong, but the truth is not the true origin of life, organic molecules are components of life, but living life is not a concept at all.

According to Professor Niclain, the process of life must be like this: First, the hydrogen in the food is stripped, and then the hydrogen and oxygen react to release energy. It needs to be emphasized that what he said here is not directly hydrogen, but closer to the hydrogen atom.
He believes that in the end, all life is the process of combining two atoms, hydrogen and oxygen, into water to obtain energy. This is the logical rule of life energy in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics. Why he has such a high respect for hydrogen, and listen to him accept the latest two hypotheses about the origin of life.

One is that life originated from the black chimney of the hot spring under the sea. At the bottom of the sea at the mouth of the Galapagos Rift and more than 200 spring mouth groups that were later discovered, are black and messy chimneys. The temperature of the sea here is close to 400 degrees, and it contains a lot of strong sulfide and acid. This world like a hell on the bottom of the sea turned out to be a life world close to the tropical rain forest. There are huge tubular worms with no mouth and no anus, and a large number of shrimp without eyes are grouped. How this life world was built. At the bottom of the food chain is a sulfur bacterium. This bacterium can extract hydrogen from a hot spring, and then hydrogen and carbon dioxide react to form organic matter, which is very similar to the process of photosynthesis. Other organisms either eat the bacteria directly to make a living, or they put these bacteria in the body and raise them to provide themselves with organic matter and energy. But this black chimney still has some problems that cannot be justified, especially the evolution process from organic matter to cells.

The latest and more reasonable statement is from another type of submarine hot spring. The difference between this hot spring and the black chimney is that it is different from the black chimney. One of the big differences is that it is alkaline and the black chimney is acidic. The hot spring water here is due to the large amount of heat generated by the volcanic eruption of the sea floor, which generates a large amount of hydrogen and causes the sea floor to be reduced by electrons. The reduced state of the ocean floor changes a variety of gases, such as carbon dioxide into methane, nitrogen into ammonia, and sulfuric acid into hydrogen sulfide. This is very close to the ingredients of Miller's original soup. The author calls this submarine hot spring an alkaline spring mouth. Here is the sacrament that forms the largest life, and the continuous flow of hydrogen on the ocean floor, hydrogen and carbon dioxide react to produce organic matter, which is the basis of all life on earth, but the ocean floor is a more direct reaction. Therefore, the submarine alkaline hot spring is the most suitable for the thermodynamic requirements of the cradle of life.

As for how to evolve real life here, the author also has a more imaginary introduction. To put it simply, from an evolutionary perspective, there is a primitive ancestor on Earth ’s life. Specifically, this ancestor is a predecessor of bacteria. This ancestor is not the same as the current bacteria. It has not even evolved the structure of the cell membrane. Evolution of life. The evolution of the previous ancestor of this primitive ancestor may be a virus. This virus is very similar to HIV, which is RNA retrovirus. Many of these viruses cooperate with each other, hybridize and mutate, and finally evolve DNA as an information carrier. New virus and bacterial ancestors then escape from this cradle of life and enter the larger global environment to complete the subsequent evolutionary process. This hypothesis believes that in the prokaryotic life, the true bacteria and archaeal bacteria almost completed the evolutionary process together, rather than which one appeared first and then evolved into another type. Archaea later acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts and gradually evolved eukaryotic higher life forms such as fungi, plants and animals. I have read another chapter in Nick ’s popular science book about mitochondria. Hydrogen is also an important participant in the evolution of mitochondria.

In the early evolution of Earth's life, hydrogen was directly involved, and hydrogen was also involved in the key process of prokaryote to eukaryote evolution. The most critical process in the evolution of life on Earth, hydrogen is an indispensable participant.

From Qingsiyu

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