Hydrogen (H2), the smallest molecule and the lightest gas in nature, has a very important role in our lives. It has significant prevention and treatment effects on various diseases of the human body. It is an important industrial raw material. The most promising clean energy. This article describes the history of hydrogen discovery and the role of hydrogen in medical health and synthetic chemistry.

Hydrogen, with a chemical formula of H2, is a diatomic gas molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms by sharing a pair of electrons. Hydrogen is the smallest molecule and the lightest gas in nature. Its density is only one-fourth that of air. Hydrogen occupies a very important position in our lives, because hydrogen can selectively scavenge hydroxyl radicals (∙ OH) and peroxynitroso anions (ONOO−) without affecting other active oxygen species with physiological functions Hydrogen can be used in the medical field, and hydrogen has been proven to have significant preventive and therapeutic effects on many diseases. Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material. It can be used to synthesize some important compounds such as ammonia, methanol, and aldehydes. It can also be used as a reducing agent to reduce unsaturated bonds such as olefins, aldehydes, and ketones, especially in the presence of a chiral catalyst. The asymmetric hydrogenation is widely used in the synthesis of natural products and drugs. At the same time, hydrogen as a renewable clean energy source has attracted increasing attention. This article describes the history of hydrogen discovery and the important role of hydrogen in medical health and synthetic chemistry.
 
History of hydrogen discovery
As early as the 16th century, Swiss doctor Paracelsus put iron filings with acid to get a flammable gas. This gas is hydrogen, but because he did not do further research at that time, he missed Opportunity to remain famous in the history of chemical element discovery. By the 17th century, Helmont, a Belgian scientist, had also been exposed to hydrogen by accident, but did not separate it and collect it for research. Although British chemist Boyle also accidentally collected the gas, it has not been studied. The real opportunity was taken by British chemist Cavendish. In 1766, Cavendish accidentally dropped an iron piece into a hydrochloric acid solution in an experiment and found that many bubbles were generated in the solution. This phenomenon immediately aroused great interest in Cavendish. He collected the gas through the drainage method and carried out a careful study, and found that the gas will explode on encountering Mars when mixed with air, and will generate water and other experimental results after burning in the air. Since Cavendish was the first to collect and study hydrogen, he became a recognized discoverer of hydrogen in the history of chemical element discovery. However, due to the influence of fuel theory, Cavendish once thought that the gas was a fuel element. Until 1787, French chemist Lavoisier officially proposed that hydrogen is an element. Because hydrogen generates water after combustion, this flammable gas was named "hydrogen", which means the producer of water.

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