Q: Before the hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas inhalation therapy was written into the "New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Trial Version 7)", I believe most people are very new to its biological role. We are familiar with oxygen, but what is the biological role of hydrogen, can you tell us about it?

A: Since hydrogen was found to improve ischemia-reperfusion brain damage in 2007, hydrogen biology and hydrogen medicine have made rapid progress. It is currently believed that hydrogen has the following biological effects:
1. Antioxidant effect Human cells are often in an oxidative stress state, which stems from the abnormal oxidative potential of excess reactive oxygen radicals (ROS). Hydrogen has no adverse effects on other free radicals involved in normal signal regulation, only neutralizing toxic free radicals.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect Many cytological experiments have shown that after H2 disappears from the culture system, the cells are still resistant to the attacks (such as toxins, radiation, damage, etc.), indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of H2 has Persistence.
3. Anti-apoptotic effect, protect cells The mechanism by which H2 inhibits apoptosis is mainly to inhibit the activity of Caspase-3 and -12.
4. Regulate signal pathways Without the transmission, contact and communication of information, life processes cannot be carried out. As a gas signal regulator, H2 can affect multiple signaling pathways, including regulating NF-κB, promoting Nrf2 expression in vivo, and inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its enzymatic reaction.
5. Maintain the function of mitochondria Mitochondria are the "generators" for energy production. Hydrogen molecules can quickly enter mitochondria due to their small size and high dispersibility, protecting mitochondria (and cell nuclei) from acute oxidative stress damage.
6. Immunomodulatory effect Hydrogen can on the one hand enhance the function of immune cell mitochondria by activating PGC-1α, on the other hand, hydrogen can protect mitochondria of immune cells from damage by removing OH, thereby recovering depleted cytotoxic T cells ， Remove the body's immune suppression state and maintain the body's immune balance.

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